The three-phase models are characterized by the vanishing of leading orders of expansion within a certain density range, and as an example the popular intelligent driver model is shown to be equivalent to a generalized optimal velocity (OV) model. This allows any two traffic models to be properly compared and identified. We identify a universal mathematical structure in microscopic deterministic traffic models (with identical drivers), and thus we show that all such existing models in the literature, including both the two-phase and three-phase models, can be understood as special cases of a master model by expansion around a set of well-defined ground states. Because the investigation of emergent characteristics is so common in physics, the study of traffic in this manner sheds new light on how the micro-to-macro transition works in general.Ĭlassification and unification of the microscopic deterministic traffic models. The simulations also provide insight into how the properties of individual cars result in macroscopic behavior. We implement the model via a Java applet, which is used to simulate traffic jam formation, the effect of bottlenecks on traffic flow, and the existence of light, medium, and heavy traffic flow. The model also includes multi-lane simulation capability and the ability to add and remove obstructions. Each car experiences a force resulting from a combination of the desire of the driver to attain a certain velocity, aerodynamic drag, and change of the force due to car-car interactions. We discuss a microscopic model for the study of multi-lane highway traffic flow dynamics.
Microscopic modeling of multi-lane highway traffic flow
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